FAMILY LAMIACEAE, Potential as a Medicine

 FAMILIA LAMIACEAE

a.      Clerodendrum paniculatum L.

Clerodendrum paniculatum

(Bunga Pagoda)

(Hidayat T., 2017)

Classification:

Kingdom   : Plantae

Divisio       : Magnoliophyta

Classis       : Magnoliopsida

Order         : Lamiales

Familia      : Lamiaceae

Genus        : Clerodendrum

Species      : Clerodendrum paniculatum

        

Description:

The pagoda flower, so called because of it’s tall, pyramidal inflorescences, is one of the most spectacular Clerodendrum species. Clerodendrum paniculatum was first described in 1767 by the 'father' of modern biological nomenclature - the Swedish botanist, Carl Linnaeus. The species epithet refers to the large 'paniculate' clusters of flowers (inflorescences), the feature which makes this such a visually-striking plant. The pagoda flower is commonly encountered in the Asian tropics, where it is popular as an ornamental and known for its medicinal uses. The most distinctive features of Clerodendrum paniculatum are the large terminal inflorescences (thyrses, though often erroneously called panicles) up to 45 cm long, bearing numerous red-orange flowers. Each slender, tubular flower is 1.2-2 cm long with five small lobes, these usually being slightly paler than the tube. Butterflies are the main pollinators. They extend their long, thin proboscides into the flower tubes during which process pollen adheres to their bodies from the long-exserted stamens.

The large, glossy, lobed leaves and fairly robust stems with an almost square cross-sectional form are also prominent characteristics of C. paniculatum . Their ability to produce root suckers allows pagoda flowers to spread vegetatively and they can form apparently clonal stands of several plants together.

Clerodendrum paniculatum frequently has a high percentage of aborted pollen grains and fruit does not appear to set among the populations observed in Java, New Guinea and Sri Lanka. Kew scientist Dr James Wearn has only seen two dried specimens in fruit (collected from Peninsular Malaysia) which, when dissected, had seeds (at least developing) within their fruits. No germination tests have been carried out at Kew to date (RBG Kew, 2017)

Spot Character:

Paniculate inflorescences form Pagoda

Benefit:

Medicinal Plant

Distribution:

Asia, Africa, Australia, and other tropical rgions.

Location

Zone 1 of UPI Botanical Garden

Status:

Least Concern according to IUCN Red List criteria

Flowers of Clerodendrum paniculatum

(Hidayat T., TT)

b.      Clerodendrum speciosum W. Bull

Clerodendrum speciosum

(Nona Makan Sirih)

(Hidayat T., TT)

Classification:

Kingdom   : Plantae

Divisio       : Magnoliophyta

Classis       : Magnoliopsida

Order         : Lamiales

Familia      : Lamiaceae

Genus        : Clerodendrum

Species      : Clerodendrum speciosum

        

Description:

An unusual color variation of the more familiar Bleeding Heart vine, 'Delectum' has a red flower with a lavender bract behind it. This is one of the few vines that will bloom well in the shade. Use it on arbors, trellises, or in the landscape, where it can run up a fence or a tree. Site your plant carefully in a sheltered location. In climates where winters are harsh, Clerodendrum may be grown in a greenhouse in containers filled with two-thirds fibrous loam, and one-third leaf mold and peat. Sand, wood ash and a bit of bone meal should be added. The climbing kinds do better when planted in a bed of soil rather than in pots or tubs. They should be trained to pillars and rafters to show off their full beauty. They need an annual top-dressing of fresh compost. If they are grown in large pots or tubs, they may be trained around stakes or wires fashioned into the shape of a balloon.

During the spring or summer, you should sprits the plants on sunny days. This encourages fresh growth and keeps them free from pests. It's usually necessary to spray with an insecticide every ten days or so during the growing season. When they are grown in a greenhouse, they will benefit from large amounts of liquid fertilizer from April to August. Those grown in a greenhouse also need a resting season during the winter by reducing the water considerably and by lowering the temperature and humidity. Pruning consists of removing the dead twigs on old bushes in the summer. When grown outdoors, there are usually dead ends of branches to cut off following a severe winter (Top Tropical, 2017).

Spot Character:

Red-orange inforescences, with heart-shaped leaves.

Benefit:

Ornamental Plant

Distribution:

India, Africa, Australia, and almost the entire Pacific.

Location

UPI Library

Flowers of Clerodendrum speciosum

(Hidayat T., TT)

c.       Coleus scutellarioides L. Benth

Coleus scutellarioides

(Jawer Kotok)

(Hidayat T., TT)

Classification:

Kingdom   : Plantae

Divisio       : Magnoliophyta

Classis       : Magnoliopsida

Order         : Lamiales

Familia      : Lamiaceae

Genus        : Coleus

Species      : Coleus scutellaroides

        

Description:

Growth from trailing herb to 30cm tall, usually only growing to about 15-20cm in height under local conditions. Leaves to 2(-2.5)cm long by 3-(3.5)cm widebright green to yellowish green, with dark reddish brown blotch towards the proximal end of the leaf blade (end nearer to the leaf stalk), veins also of the same color. Flower Inflorescence to 20 cm tall, flowers bluish violet (Flora Fauna Web, 2019).

Spot Character:

Young leaf is purple in color

Benefit:

Ornamental Plant

Distribution:

Tropical regions

Location

Zone 2 of UPI Botanical Garden

d.      Ocimum basilicum L.

Ocimum basilicum

(Kemangi)

(Hidayat T., TT)

Classification:

Kingdom   : Plantae

Divisio       : Magnoliophyta

Classis       : Magnoliopsida

Order         : Lamiales

Familia      : Lamiaceae

Genus        : Ocimun

Species      : Ocimun basilicum

        

Description:

Ocimum basilicum is an erect, almost glabrous herb, which grows to between 30 and 90 cm high. The leaves are ovate, lanceolate, cucuminate, toothed or entire, glabrous on both surfaces and glandular. When mature, they reach approximately 5 cm in length, excluding the petiole, which is approximately 2 cm long. The upper surface is smooth and lustrous; on the lower surface along the midrib and on the petiole short, stiff hairs occur sparingly.

The flowers are white or pale purple and are borne in long terminal racemose inflorescences, in simple or many branched racemes. The greenish corolla is small and inconspicuous. The calyx is partly grown together with the branches, and enlarges itself after flowering, remaining dry on the plant with the branches. The capitate hairs have commonly a two-celled head with a stalk so short as to appear sessile (George, 2012).

Spot Character:

Slightly hairy stem, with aromatic leaves

Benefit:

Medicinal Plant

Distribution:

Southeast Asia, India, China, and New Guinea

Location

LPPM UPI Building

Leaf of Ocimun basilicum

(Hidayat T., TT)

Flower of Ocimun basilicum

(Hidayat T., TT)

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Flora Fauna Web. (2019). Coleus. [Online]. Tersedia: https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/6/2/6205

P. Pushpangadan, V. George. (2012). Ocimun basilicum. [Online]. Tersedia: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/ocimum-basilicum

RBG Kew. (2017). Clerodendrum paniculatum.[Online]. Tersedia: http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:862301-1

Top Tropical. (2017). Bleeding heart, Clerodendrum.[Online]. Tersedia: https://toptropicals.com/catalog/uid/clerodendrum_speciosum.htm